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Third-quarter profit fell 31 percent as customers opted for less-expensive ground shipping, The company said it would cut capacity to and from Asia starting next month. It's been almost a year since Marissa Mayer became CEO of Yahoo, setting up one of the most-watched executive jobs in America. Since July of last year, when the  then 37-year-old CEO became the first pregnant chief executive the Fortune 500 may have ever had, she's been closely scrutinized for everything from banning work-from-home arrangements at the Internet giant to reportedly setting up a nursery for her own baby next to her office and refusing to call herself a feminist. Meanwhile, she's gotten cheers for extending maternity and paternity leave for Yahoo employees. Read full article >> Atlanta’s Freddie Freeman won the fan voting for the last spot on the National League All-Star roster, meaning the Dodgers’ rookie sensation, Yasiel Puig, did not make the squad. Swedish House Mafia's Steve Angello and producer/songwriter Jacques Lu Cont have teamed up to remix [...] As a new flash point in the abortion debate focuses on regulating clinics, Maryland’s stricter oversight, spurred by the troubled practice of one doctor, has won rare praise. RICHMOND - The Senate Finance Committee, after hearing emotional testimony from students and educators, voted along partisan lines Tuesday to kill a measure that would have given businesses tax credits to fund private-school tuition for needy students. This week, Andrew Delbanco discusses “Is College Worth It?†and “College (Un)bound.†World history teachers at Westfield High School in Fairfax  County have decided, in order to frustrate cheating, that students should no longer do independent research. If it's not in the textbook, their notes or their head, they can't use it in their homework. They seem to be saying that curiosity i IN VERACRUZ, MEXICO Exploiting loopholes in the global economy, Mexican crime syndicates are importing mass quantities of the cold medicines and common chemicals used to manufacture methamphetamine - turning Mexico into the No. 1  source for all meth sold in the United States, law enforcement agen... A federal judge has struck down a Missouri law because it conflicts with a federal mandate for insurers to cover birth control at no additional cost to women. Lives and livelihoods in vulnerable countries hang in the balance  while rich countries bicker over who will disburse climate cash, argues  Wendel Trio of Climate Action Network Europe. More ' Story prepared by MIT SHASS CommunicationsEditorial and Design Director: Emily HiestandSenior Writer: Kathryn O'NeillPhotography: Jon Sachs Midfielder profits after switching wide to accommodate fellow Spaniard Fernando Torres in a new 4-4-2 formationBoth sides had legitimate excuses for their poor performances at Old Trafford – Manchester United have sealed the Premier League title while Chelsea are coming towards the end of cure tinnitus few weeks of fixture congestion. But the defining feature was the lack of tempo or technical quality, with neither manager capable of improving the contest with tactical decisions.Sir Alex Ferguson selected a surprisingly functional midfield designed to stop Chelsea –  many expected Shinji Kagawa to be given playing time at the end of a frustrating first campaign, but the Japanese playmaker remained on the bench. Without Michael Carrick setting the tempo or Wayne Rooney providing a spark between the lines, the trio of Phil Jones, Anderson and Tom Cleverley were far more effective at breaking up play than creating chances.Jones'  role was interesting – on paper his primary task was to sit in front of the defence and mark Juan Mata but he also sprinted forward into attack effectively. His final pass was often lacking, however, summed up by his overhit cross towards Robin van Persie in the second half.Chelsea's midfield combination of Ramires and Frank Lampard, similarly, is more about energy than incision, and it's not an entirely natural partnership – the Brazilian bursts forward less frequently when playing alongside Lampard rather than Mikel John Obi.Lampard was superb at breaking forward from an advanced role in José Mourinho's 4-3-3, and adapted his game well to prompt Chelsea's counterattacks in last season's victorious Champions League run, but is less comfortable when the opposition have men behind the ball, and he is forced to play inventive passes.Perhaps the comparison is harsh but the disparity between this match and the two Champions League semi-finals in midweek was enormous. Whereas the best four clubs in Europe boast talented all-round midfielders who possess great technical quality and the physicality to create high-tempo contests, here the play was scrappy and slow.In fairness, both  managers tried to introduce extra attacking firepower. Ferguson summoned Rooney to play alongside Van Persie for the closing 20 minutes, although the primary effect of this substitution was to open out the midfield and allow Chelsea more time on the ball in central positions – they took command and put pressure on United's defence.Rafael BenÃtez's decision to bring on Fernando Torres for Victor Moses also proved crucial, in an indirect way – Chelsea shifted to a 4-4-2 and Mata moved to the left, from where he scored the deflected winner. The Spaniard was not close to his best, yet remained the game's most dangerous player – despite United packing their midfield. He was intelligent with his positioning, always moving deep or wide into space.Mata's chipped pass over the top of the United defence to Demba Ba settled the recent FA Cup tie between the teams at Stamford Bridge, and it was interesting how deep Jonny Evans and Nemanja Vidic positioned themselves to prevent a similar concession – often trademiner download Ba on the edge of the penalty area for long passes from Chelsea's half. As they dropped deep, Mata found space between the lines.  He was the game's most prolific passer and played almost twice as many balls into the final third as any other player.Mata deserved to be the game's matchwinner – especially considering his admirable selflessness when in goalscoring positions earlier on.Football tacticsRafael BenÃtezManchester UnitedSir Alex FergusonChelseaMichael Coxguardian.co.uk © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds The punks, anti-establishment rebels that they were, still had a uniform of sorts. Filed under: Celeb Parents, Celeb News & Interviews Over the past few decades, neuroscientists have made much progress in mapping the brain by deciphering the functions of individual neurons that perform very specific tasks, such as recognizing the location or color of an object. However, there are many neurons, especially in brain regions that perform sophisticated functions such as thinking and planning, that don’t fit into this pattern.  Instead of responding exclusively to one stimulus or task, these neurons react in different ways to a wide variety of things. MIT neuroscientist Earl Miller first noticed these unusual activity patterns about 20 years ago, while recording  the electrical activity of neurons in animals that were trained to perform complex tasks. “We started noticing early on that there are a whole bunch of neurons in the prefrontal cortex that can’t be classified in the traditional way of one message per neuron,†recalls Miller, the Picower Professor of Neuroscience at MIT and a member of MIT’s Picower Institute for Learning and Memory. In a paper appearing in Nature on May 19, Miller and colleagues at Columbia University report that these neurons are essential for complex cognitive tasks, such as learning new behavior.  The Columbia team, led by the study’s senior author, Stefano Fusi, developed a computer model showing that without these neurons, the brain can learn only a handful of behavioral tasks.“You need a significant proportion of these neurons,†says Fusi, an associate professor of neuroscience at Columbia. “That gives the brain a huge computational advantage.â€Lead author of the paper is Mattia Rigotti, a former grad student in Fusi’s lab.Multitasking neuronsMiller and other neuroscientists who first identified this neuronal activity observed that while the patterns were difficult to predict, they were not random. “In the same context, the neurons always behave the same way. It’s just that they may convey one message in one task, and a totally different message in another task,†Miller says.For example, a neuron might distinguish between colors during one task, but issue a motor command under different conditions.Miller and colleagues proposed that forex growth bot review of neuronal flexibility is key to cognitive flexibility, including the brain’s ability to learn so many new things on the fly. “You have a bunch of neurons that can be recruited for a whole bunch of different things, and what they do just changes depending on the task demands,†he says. At first, that theory encountered resistance “because it runs against the traditional idea that you can figure out the clockwork of the brain by figuring out the one thing each neuron does,†Miller says.For the new Nature study, Fusi and colleagues at Columbia created a computer model to determine more precisely what role these flexible neurons play in cognition, using experimental data gathered by Miller  and his former grad student, Melissa Warden. That data came from one of the most complex tasks that Miller has ever trained a monkey to perform: The animals looked at a sequence of two pictures and had to remember the pictures and the order in which they appeared. During this task, the flexible neurons, known as “mixed selectivity neurons,†exhibited a great deal of nonlinear activity — meaning that their responses to a combination of factors cannot be predicted based on their response to each individual factor (such as one image). Expanding capacityFusi’s computer model revealed that these mixed selectivity neurons are critical to building a brain that can perform many complex tasks. When the computer model includes only neurons that perform one function, the brain can only learn very simple tasks. However, when the flexible neurons are added to the model, “everything becomes so much easier and you can create a neural system that can perform very complex tasks,†Fusi says.The flexible neurons also greatly expand the brain’s capacity to perform tasks. In the computer model, neural networks without mixed selectivity neurons could learn about 100 tasks before running out of capacity. That capacity greatly expanded to tens of millions of tasks as mixed selectivity neurons were added to the model. When mixed selectivity neurons reached about 30 percent of the total, the network’s capacity became “virtually unlimited,†Miller says — just like a human brain.Mixed selectivity neurons are especially dominant in the prefrontal cortex, where most thought, learning and planning takes place. This study demonstrates how these mixed selectivity neurons greatly increase the number of tasks that this kind of neural network can perform, says John Duncan, a professor of neuroscience at Cambridge University. “Especially for higher-order regions, the data that have often been taken as a complicating nuisance may be critical in allowing the system actually to work,†says Duncan, who was not part  of the research team.Miller is now trying to figure out how the brain sorts through all of this activity to create coherent messages. vitiligo treatment some evidence suggesting that these neurons communicate with the correct targets by synchronizing their activity with oscillations of a particular brainwave frequency. “The idea is that neurons can send different messages to different targets by virtue of which other neurons they are synchronized with,†Miller says. “It provides a way of essentially opening up these special channels of communications so the preferred message gets to the preferred neurons and doesn’t go to neurons that don’t need to hear  it.â€The research was funded by the Gatsby Foundation, the Swartz Foundation and the Kavli Foundation. A situation in Wise County illustrates how many family physicians are caught in a growing divide between rural and urban health care markets. Bountiful is a code name for the Fountain of Youth in Michael Wilson’s revival of Horton Foote’s “Trip to Bountiful,†at the Stephen Sondheim Theater. Adam Wainwright has no idea who the fan was that gave him that picture last week. He'd sure like to tell them thank you. Corporation was criticised over £450,000 payout to George Entwistle, who resigned at the height of the Savile sagaRecently appointed BBC director general Tony Hall has responded to controversy over big-money payoffs to senior executives with a plan to limit severance payouts to £150,000.Hall said he wanted a BBC in tune with the times and said he could no longer be "tone deaf" to public opinion. The corporation was accused of "rewarding failure" with the £450,000 payout to Hall's predecessor, George Entwistle, who resigned at the height of the Savile saga after just 54 days.Making his first appearance before MPs on the culture, media and sport select committee on Thursday, Hall pledged to cut the bill for the BBC's senior management and said the £150,000 cap would be in line with civil service guidelines.He said the BBC had "too much bureaucracy, process and structures that hinder rather than help".Around £4m has been paid out to 10 former BBC executives, including former deputy director general Mark Byford who was given £949,000. The cap will affect around 250 of the BBC's senior management.The  National Union of Journalists welcomed the announcement, with its general secretary, Michelle Stanistreet, criticising "obscene payments … being paid while other members of the BBC were being forced out of their jobs".Hall defended the BBC's recent controversial Panorama programme to the committee, in which undercover reporter John Sweeney travelled to North Korea with a group of students from the London School of Economics. But he admitted it would have been better to get the students' written consent after three of them complained that the BBC had not properly briefed them about the risks of the trip.Lord Patten, the chairman of the BBC Trust who appeared alongside Hall, said the trust would aquaponics-4-you affair. "I hope one result of this unfortunate argument … is we can avoid something like this happening again," said Patten.Hall, the former Royal Opera House chief executive, recently appointed several key aides including former Times editor James Harding and ex-Labour cabinet minister, James Purnell.He said Purnell, a former culture secretary, was an "outstanding character" who had "hung his boots up at the door and left politics behind".He defended another senior BBC executive, Helen Boaden, the former director of BBC News who was heavily criticised in the Pollard report into the Savile affair but remained at the BBC and was moved to a new job as head of radio.Labour MP Ben Bradshaw said it "gives the impression, fairly or unfairly, that there is a management cadre who just look after each other and watch each others' interests and backs".But Hall said a number of BBC executives who had moved roles after the Pollard report had suffered a "public humiliation".Elsewhere during the two-and-a-half hour session, Hall said he was pleased with the BBC's "appropriate" level of coverage of Lady Thatcher's death and funeral. Asked about complaints that the BBC had devoted too much airtime to the former prime minister, Hall said he would "rather be criticised for doing too much than too little".He revealed he would take the unusual step for a director general of sitting on the board of executives who will interview and appoint the next Newsnight editor. He said the BBC2 show was one of the BBC's most important programmes and may get a budget increase despite on-going cuts elsewhere in the corporation.He said a new  "red flag system" would enable management to highlight programmes of concern in a bid to avoid a repeat of the double Newsnight crisis which befell the corporation.Hall's contract, published by the BBC Trust last month, revealed that it contains a two-year gagging clause preventing him from criticising the BBC. Challenged by MPs, Patten said it was a standard contractual element but said he was happy to remove it and have Hall sign a new contract.BBCGeorge EntwistleTony HallJohn PlunkettLisa O'Carrollguardian.co.uk © 2013 Guardian News and Media Limited or its affiliated companies. All rights reserved. | Use of this content is subject to our Terms & Conditions | More Feeds In "Liberty's Exiles," Maya Jasonoff tells the tale of the British Loyalists who opposed the American revolution. SHAHBUDDIN, AFGHANISTAN - Operating from a small U.S. Special Forces base on a snow-speckled field here is a newly-minted U.S. ally who either represents a brighter future or everything that is wrong with Afghanistan's troubled past. When Rocky Wirtz took over the Chicago Blackhawks six years ago, they were among the worst teams in the NHL. The Republican war on unions goes far beyond |
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